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Project VOLAR
Project VOLAR, or Project Volunteer Army, was an American series of experiments designed to determine how to successfully transition the U.S. Army to total volunteerism. Its primary mission was to determine how to increase volunteer enlistment and retention. It did so by evaluating the values most important to service members. The project took place in response to the imminent abolishment of the draft, so as to maintain the Army's strength without conscription.〔Rostker, Bernard. I Want You!: the Evolution of the All-Volunteer Force. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2006.〕 The project was created and sponsored by the Special Assistant for the Modern Volunteer Army,〔 a program of the United States Army.〔United States. Department of the Army. Building a Volunteer Army: the Fort Ord Contribution. By Harold G. Moore and Jeff M. Tuten. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Defense, Dept. of the Army, 1976, p. 87〕 It was conducted throughout 1971.〔United States. Office of the Chief of Research and Development. Summary and Review of Studies of the VOLAR Experiment, 1971: Installation Reports for Forts Benning, Bragg, Carson, and Ord, and HumRRO Permanent Party Studies. By Robert Vineberg and Elaine N. Taylor. Washington, D.C.: Human Resources Research Organizzation, 1972.〕
==Origins==
In 1969, President Richard Nixon established the President's Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force to develop a plan to return to an all-volunteer military〔http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=3182〕 where the national civil-political discourse implied the imminent evolution towards a volunteer army.〔 The U.S. Army relied heavily on the Selective Service Act to satisfy enlistment.〔 Additionally, re-enlistment rates were at an all-time low.〔United States. Department of the Army. Building a Volunteer Army: the Fort Ord Contribution. By Harold G. Moore and Jeff M. Tuten. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Defense, Dept. of the Army, 1976, p. 83〕 On October 13, 1970, General William Westmoreland announced his intentions to appoint an officer to oversee an Army program to move towards an all-volunteer force.〔 The Army staff and the Office of the Secretary of Defense subsequently established their goals to increase recruiting efforts and to secure the retention of enlistees.〔
On January 1, 1971, Project VOLAR was launched.〔United States. United States Army. Final Evaluation Report on Fort Ord Project VOLAR. By William E. Datel. Washington, D.C.: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 1978.〕 The Army began to financially emphasize its desire to move towards an all-volunteer force. The experiments of improving military quality of life were conducted at several forts, but the three most central were Fort Benning, Fort Carson, and Fort Ord.〔Rostker, Bernard. I Want You!: the Evolution of the All-Volunteer Force. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2006, p. 153〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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